personal finance | february 8, 2024
2024 Key Financial Numbers That You Need to Know
Retirement contribution limits, tax rates, and more information to keep in mind throughout 2024.
Key Insights
2024 contribution limits for retirement accounts have increased—including 401(k)s, 403(b)s, and Traditional, Roth, and SIMPLE IRAs.
Reduced tax rates that were introduced in 2018 will remain in effect through 2025.
Annual retirement benefit amounts for Social Security are about 55% higher if taken at age 70 rather than starting them when eligible at age 62.
Retirement Plan Deferral Limits
| Plan | Under Age 50 | Age 50 and Over |
|---|---|---|
| 401(k), 403(b), SAR-SEP, 457(b), TSP1 | $23,000 ($22,500 for 2023) | $30,5002 ($30,000 for 2023) |
| Traditional and Roth IRAs | $7,000 ($6,500 for 2023) | $8,000 ($7,500 for 2023) |
| SIMPLE IRA and SIMPLE 401(k) | $16,000 ($15,500 for 2023) | $19,500 ($19,00 for 2023) |
1The limit for 401(k), 403(b), governmental 457(b), and TSP (Thrift Savings Plan) plans includes pretax and designated Roth contributions. (Roth contributions are not permitted for SARSEP and nongovernmental 457(b) plans.) The limit for all 457(b) plans also includes employer contributions. The limit on total additions (including employer contributions) to defined contribution plans other than 457(b) plans is $69,000 ($66,000 for 2023).
2Individual plan limits may be lower. Plans may also allow non-Roth after-tax contributions above these amounts. Catch-up contributions for employees age 50 and over do not apply to nongovernmental 457(b) plans.
Income Limits for Roth IRA Contributions3
| Filing Status | Eligibility |
|---|---|
| Single or Head of Household | Phased out: $146,000–$161,0005 ($138,000–$153,000 for 2023) |
| Married Filing Jointly or Qualifying Widow(er)4 | Phased out: $230,000–$240,0005 ($218,000–$228,000 for 2023) |
3There are no income limits for converting Traditional IRA assets to a Roth IRA.
4For married taxpayers filing separately: If you did not live with your spouse at any time during the tax year, see the “single” filing status. Otherwise, your eligibility is phased out between modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) of $0 and $10,000.
5This amount refers to the taxpayer’s MAGI, which does not include amounts that were converted.
Income Limits (MAGI) for Traditional IRA Deductibility6
| Filing Status | Status |
Deductibility |
|---|---|---|
| Single or Head of Household | Not eligible to participate in an employer retirement plan | Full |
| Eligible to participate in an employer retirement plan | Phased out: $77,000–$87,000 ($73,000–$83,000 for 2023) | |
| Married Filing Jointly7 | Neither you nor your spouse is eligible to participate in an employer retirement plan | Full |
| You are not eligible to participate in an employer retirement plan, but your spouse is eligible | Phased out: $230,000–$240,000 ($218,000–$228,000 for 2023) | |
| You are eligible to participate in an employer retirement plan | Phased out: $123,000–$143,000 ($116,000–$136,000 for 2023) |
6Workers with high income levels are not precluded from contributing to a Traditional IRA—the limits only apply to determining whether that contribution is deductible.
7Consult IRS rules or a tax professional if your status is married filing separately or qualifying widow(er).
High-Deductible Health Plans (HDHPs)/Health Savings Accounts (HSAs)
| HSA CONTRIBUTION LIMITS UNDER AGE 55 | AGE 55 AND OVER |
Minimum Deductibles | Out-of-Pocket Maximums | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Individuals With Self-Only HDHP Coverage | $4,150 | $5,150 | $1,600 | $8,050 |
| Individuals With Family HDHP Coverage | $8,300 | $9,300 | $3,200 | $16,100 |
| Annual Gift Exclusion | Lifetime Gift and Estate Exclusion | 529 Five-Year Forward Averaging |
|---|---|---|
| Each individual can gift $18,000 this year ($17,000 for 2023) per recipient without gift tax. | Federal estate tax rate maximum is 40%. Gifts over the annual gift tax exclusion amount are counted against the $13,6100,0008 ($12,920,000 for 2023) unified lifetime gift and estate tax exclusion amount. State estate tax rates and structures may vary. |
Each individual can contribute up to $90,000 (i.e., $18,000 annual gift tax exclusion amount times five) per beneficiary and “average” it for gift tax exclusion over five years, making no additional gifts to that beneficiary during that time. |
8Unused portions of predeceasing spouse’s exclusion amount may be used by surviving spouse.
Income Tax Rates
| Marginal Tax Rate9 (aka Tax Bracket) |
Taxable Income ($)10,11 | |
|---|---|---|
| Single | Married Filing Jointly and Qualifying Widow(er)s |
|
| 10% | $0–$11,600 | $0–$23,220 |
| 12% |
$11,601–$47,150 | $23,221–$94,300 |
| 22% | $47,151–$100,525 | $94,301–$201,050 |
| 24% | $100,526–$191,950 | $201,051–$383,900 |
| 32% | $191,951-$243,725 | $383,901–$487,450 |
| 35% | $243,726–$609,350 | $487,451–$731,200 |
| 37% | $609,351 and Over | $731,201 and Over |
9Certain individuals may also be subject to a 3.8% net investment income tax and a 0.9% additional Medicare tax.
10Generally, adjusted gross income minus deductions. Standard deduction amounts are $14,600 (single filers) and $29,200 (joint filers).
11Long-term capital gains/qualified dividends rate: A 0% rate applies to taxpayers with taxable income not over $47,025 (single filers) and $94,050 (joint filers). A 15% rate applies to taxpayers with taxable income not over $518,900 (single filers) and $583,750 (joint filers). A 20% rate applies to taxpayers with taxable income above those levels. Gains on assets held for more than 1 year are realized by owner sale. Assets held for 1 year or less are short-term gains subject to ordinary income tax.
Social Security
Full Retirement Age (FRA)12 by Year Born
| If you were born in: | Then your FRA is: |
|---|---|
| 1943 through 1954 | Your 66th birthday |
| 1955 through 1959 | Between your 66th and 67th birthdays |
| 1960 or later | Your 67th birthday |
Annual Retirement Benefit Amounts13
| Age-initiating benefits | Maximum |
|---|---|
| 62 and one month (smallest benefit possible) | $32,520 |
| 67 (FRA if born in 1960 or later) | $46,932 |
| 70 (largest benefit possible) | $58,476 |
Retirement Earnings Test
| Timing |
Limit |
|---|---|
| After age 62 but before the year you reach FRA | $1 of benefits is withheld temporarily14 or every $2 earned above $22,320 |
| In the year you reach FRA but before the month you reach FRA | $1 of benefits is withheld temporarily14 or every $3 earned above $59,520 |
| In the month you reach FRA and later | No limit |
12Someone initiating retirement benefits at full retirement age receives a 100% benefit, called the primary insurance amount (PIA). A person born in 1962 initiating benefits in 2024 at age 62 and 1 month would receive roughly 70% of PIA, whereas someone born in 1954 initiating benefits in 2024 at age 70 would receive 132% of PIA (adjusted for inflation).
13Calculated based on https://www.ssa.gov/oact/cola/examplemax.html, assuming retirement in January 2024. Note: The average annual benefit for all retired workers (not just those of certain ages or initiation dates) is $22,128 (based on the SSA Oct. 2023 Monthly Statistical Snapshot). These amounts are for a worker with steady earnings at the maximum level since age 22.
14Benefits are recalculated at FRA—to account for amounts withheld—and increased thereafter.
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