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Legal Information

This website (“Site”) is owned and operated by T. Rowe Price.  Please read this important information. For purposes of this document, "T. Rowe Price" includes T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., T. Rowe Price International Ltd, T. Rowe Price Hong Kong Limited, T. Rowe Price Singapore Private Ltd., T. Rowe Price Japan, Inc., T. Rowe Price Australia Ltd, T. Rowe Price (Luxembourg) Management Sarl, and T. Rowe Price (Canada), Inc.

BY USING OUR SITE YOU ACCEPT THESE TERMS

By using the Site, you confirm that you accept these terms of use and that you agree to comply with them. If you do not agree to these terms, you must not use the Site.  We recommend that you print a copy of these terms for future reference.  These terms incorporate by reference the Cookie Policy and Privacy Notice and any other disclaimers contained on the Site.

This Site is not directed to any person in any jurisdiction where (by reason of that person's nationality, residence or otherwise) the publication or availability of the Site is prohibited. Persons in respect of whom such prohibitions apply must not access the Site.

Further, please note that any reference to the inclusion of T. Rowe Price in the S&P 500 Equity Index should not be viewed as an endorsement by Standard & Poor's.

Products and Services

Nothing contained in the Site is intended as, or constitutes, an offer to buy or sell or any solicitation of any offer to buy or sell any securities, investments or other property. Any decision to invest should not be made solely on the basis of the information contained in this Site.

Please remember that the value of your investments and any income derived therefrom may go down as well as up, and you may lose principal value. Further, prior performance is not necessarily a guide to future results. Many factors, including currency fluctuations, may affect the value of your investments. In addition, levels and bases of taxation are subject to change and will depend on your personal circumstances. Moreover, specific risks may arise in relation to specific investment and you should review the risk factors very carefully.

Prospective investors should consult their own professional advisers on the tax implications of making an investment in, holding or disposing of securities, investments or other property, or distributions of income in these respective holdings.

Market and Performance Information

Any market, price or performance data provided on this Site is for informational purposes only. T. Rowe Price believes that the information which may be viewed on this Site is accurate as of the date of publication, and where a particular page is dated, the information on such page is believed to be accurate as of that date. However, although the information sources are deemed to be reliable, T. Rowe Price does not guarantee or make any warranty regarding the accuracy, suitability or completeness of such information, or any information available through any site to which you may link through this Site.

Limitation of Liability

T. Rowe Price shall not be liable for any loss (direct or consequential) arising from the use of, or reliance on, any part of this Site, except for any liability it may have under applicable securities laws. Further, you should be aware that the Internet is not a completely reliable transmission medium. T. Rowe Price shall not accept liability for any losses, costs, or expenses arising from your inability to access the Site for any reason or any delay in, or failure of, the transmission or the receipt of any instructions, orders or notifications sent through the Site.

ALL INFORMATION AND CONTENT ON THE SITE IS SUBJECT TO APPLICABLE STATUTES AND REGULATIONS, FURNISHED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.

Updates, Changes & Withdrawal

T. Rowe Price may amend these Terms from time to time without notice to you.  The Site is made available free of charge.  T. Rowe Price does not guarantee that the Site, or any content on it, will always be available or uninterrupted.  T. Rowe Price may suspend or withdraw or restrict the availability of all or any part of the Site for business or operational reasons.

Viruses

T. Rowe Price does not guarantee that the Site will be secure or free from bugs or viruses.

You are responsible for configuring your information technology, computer programmes and platform to access the Site. You should use your own virus protection software.

You must not misuse the Site by knowingly introducing viruses, trojans, worms, logic bombs or other material that is malicious or technologically harmful. You must not attempt to gain unauthorised access to the Site, the server on which the Site is stored or any server, computer or database connected to the Site. You must not attack the Site via a denial-of-service attack or a distributed denial-of service attack. By breaching this provision, you may commit a criminal act. T. Rowe Price will report any such breach to the relevant law enforcement authorities and T. Rowe Price will co-operate with those authorities by disclosing your identity to them. In the event of such a breach, your right to use the Site will cease immediately.

Acceptable Use

You may use the Site only for lawful purposes. You may not use the Site:

  • in any way that breaches any applicable local, national or international, state or federal law or regulation;

  • in any way that is unlawful or fraudulent, or has any unlawful or fraudulent purpose or effect;

  • for the purpose of harming or attempting to harm minors in any way;

  • to transmit, or procure the sending of, any unsolicited or unauthorised advertising or promotional material or any other form of similar solicitation (spam);

  • to knowingly transmit any data, send or upload any material that contains viruses, Trojan horses, worms, time-bombs, keystroke loggers, spyware, adware or any other harmful programs or similar computer code designed to adversely affect the operation of any computer software or hardware.

You also agree:

  • not to reproduce, duplicate, copy or re-sell any part of our site in contravention of the provisions of these terms of use;

  • not to use any script or crawler to access the Site without our prior permission, nor to unduly burden the servers by technical means or otherwise;

  • not to not to access without authority, interfere with, damage, disrupt, or attempt to decompile or reverse-engineer:

                        -any part of the Site;

                        -any equipment or network on which the Site is stored;

                        -any software used in the provision of the Site; or

                        -any equipment or network or software owned or used by any third party.

Links

Where the Site contains links to other sites and resources provided by third parties, these links are provided for your information only. Such links should not be interpreted as approval by T. Rowe Price of those linked websites or information you may obtain from them.  T. Rowe Price has no control over the contents of those sites or resources.

You may link to the home page of the Site, provided you do so in a way that is fair and legal and does not damage the reputation of T. Rowe Price or take advantage of it.  You must not establish a link in such a way as to suggest any form of association, approval or endorsement on the part of T. Rowe Price where none exists.  You must not establish a link to the Site in any website that is not owned by you.  The Site must not be framed on any other site, nor may you create a link to any part of the Site other than the home page.

Copyright

T. Rowe Price is the owner or the licensee of all intellectual property rights in the Site, and in the material and data published on it. All of those works, material and data are protected by applicable copyright laws and treaties around the world. All such rights are reserved.  No permission is granted to copy, distribute, modify, post or frame any text, graphics, video, audio, software codes, or user interface design or logos.

Copyright 2006 - 2020 T. Rowe Price. All rights reserved. "T. Rowe Price" refers to T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and its affiliates, including T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., T. Rowe Price International Ltd, T. Rowe Price Hong Kong Limited, T. Rowe Price Singapore Private Ltd., T. Rowe Price Japan, Inc., T. Rowe Price Australia Ltd, T. Rowe Price (Luxembourg) Management Sarl, and T. Rowe Price (Canada), Inc.

Trademarks

T. ROWE PRICE, INVEST WITH CONFIDENCE, 普信, and the bighorn sheep design are, collectively and/or apart, trademarks or registered trademarks of T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. All rights reserved.  All other trademarks shown are the property of T. Rowe Price or their respective owners.

E-mail T. Rowe Price at institutional@troweprice.com with your questions and comments about our funds and services.

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GIPS® Information

T. Rowe Price ("TRP") claims compliance with the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®) and has prepared and presented this report in compliance with the GIPS standards. T. Rowe Price has been independently verified for the 27-year period ended June 30, 2023, by KPMG LLP. The verification report is available upon request. A firm that claims compliance with the GIPS standards must establish policies and procedures for complying with all the applicable requirements of the GIPS standards. Verification provides assurance on whether the firm’s policies and procedures related to composite and pooled fund maintenance, as well as the calculation, presentation, and distribution of performance, have been designed in compliance with the GIPS standards and have been implemented on a firm-wide basis. Verification does not provide assurance on the accuracy of any specific performance report.

TRP is a U.S. investment management firm with various investment advisers registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority, and other regulatory bodies in various countries and holds itself out as such to potential clients for GIPS purposes. TRP further defines itself under GIPS as a discretionary investment manager providing services primarily to institutional clients with regard to various mandates, which include U.S, international, and global strategies but excluding the services of the Private Asset Management group.

A complete list and description of all of the Firm's composites and/or a presentation that adheres to the GIPS® standards are available upon request. Additional information regarding the firm's policies and procedures for calculating and reporting performance results is available upon request

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