Four things to do in the decade leading up to retirement

How do you prepare for a comfortable retirement? For many people, the answer can seem overly complex—but it doesn’t have to be. The following steps can help you strengthen your long-term financial position while keeping your retirement plans on track.

Step 1. Check your progress

Considering you may spend 30 years or more in retirement, it’s important to save enough so that your money will last. A quick way to check your progress is to assess how much you’ve saved by certain ages. We refer to the target levels as savings benchmarks.

Your savings benchmark

To find your retirement savings benchmark, look for your approximate age and consider how much you’ve saved so far. (See “Savings benchmarks by age.”) Compare that amount with your current gross income or salary. These benchmarks assume you’ll be dependent primarily on personal savings and Social Security benefits in retirement. However, if you have other income sources (e.g., a pension), you may not have to rely as much on your personal savings, so your benchmark may be lower.

The midpoint benchmarks are a good starting point, but circumstances vary by person and over time. Key factors that affect the savings benchmarks include income and marital status. Depending on your situation, you may want to consider other benchmarks within the ranges. (See “Nearing retirement: A more detailed look.”) As you’re nearing retirement, think about analyzing your spending and income sources more carefully. Retirement planning resources, such as the T. Rowe Price Retirement Income Calculator, and our Retirement Advisory Service^TM can help.

Prioritize saving for retirement

Generally speaking, most investors should save at least 15% of their income (including any company contributions) in order to achieve the savings benchmarks at various ages.¹

Even if you’re on track, keep prioritizing your retirement. If you aren’t where you want to be with your savings, focus less on the shortfall and more on the incremental actions that you can take to secure your financial future.

Consider the following:

• Make sure that you’re taking advantage of the full company match in your workplace retirement plan.
• Increase your savings rate right away, and then continue to increase it gradually over time. Note that the 2025 contribution limits for an individual retirement account (IRA) and a 401(k) are $7,000 and $23,500, respectively (Total contribution limits including catch up contributions are $8,000 for IRAs and $31,000 if you’re age 50 or older, or $34,750 for workers age 60 to 63 for 401(k)s).
• Be open to part-time or consulting work in retirement to continue earning income.

Step 2. Construct your portfolio

In addition to saving enough, it is important to hold the right mix of investments and types of accounts. Make sure your strategy addresses the following:

Asset allocation. The appropriate mix of stocks and bonds in your portfolio will depend on your tolerance for risk and your time horizon. For example, your portfolio should start out as mostly equities early in your career and should gradually increase its exposure to fixed income, creating a more balanced approach as you get closer to retirement. In your 60s, consider having equity exposure of around 45% to 65%, decreasing that amount slowly as you move into and through retirement. This shift aims to reduce the market risk in your portfolio while still benefiting from the growth potential of equities.

Portfolio diversification. Diversification involves investing in different types of stocks (e.g., small-cap, large-cap, and international) and bonds (e.g., international, high yield, and investment grade) so that your portfolio is never too dependent on any one asset type. Since no one investment consistently leads the pack, making sure your portfolio is well diversified provides you with exposure to sectors that are leading without being derailed by sectors that are lagging. Of course, diversification cannot assure a profit or protect against loss in a declining market.

Tax diversification. Most of your retirement assets likely are set aside in tax-deferred accounts, such as a Traditional IRA or traditional assets in a 401(k). As a result, you generally will owe income taxes on all your withdrawals. You may add tax diversification to your investment portfolio by shifting contributions to a Roth IRA or Roth option in your workplace plan. Withdrawals from Roth accounts after age 59½ and at least five years after your first contribution generally are tax-free.

Setting aside money in a Roth account makes sense for many savers of all ages. Moreover, a Roth conversion strategy is worth investigating before you retire. The decision to convert is most appropriate for individuals who won’t need all of their required minimum distributions for living expenses in retirement. The trade-off of the Roth conversion is that moving assets from a traditional account to a Roth account generally requires paying taxes at the time of the account conversion rather than later, when you start taking withdrawals.

Step 3. Update your estate plan

Your estate plan is an important part of your long-term financial strategy. It’s essential to have the necessary elements in place to manage your estate—regardless of its size.

Your plan should include:

• An advance directive that covers:
  • A living will, outlining the type of care you want if you become incapacitated and unable to make your wishes known.
  • A health care proxy that names someone who can make medical decisions for you if you become incapacitated.
• A power of attorney, which grants an individual that you choose the authority to make financial decisions on your behalf.
• A will, which directs how assets should be distributed upon your death, unless they have beneficiary designations or are titled jointly with right of survivorship.
• The establishment of trusts, if desired, to achieve goals such as privacy, speed and control of asset distribution, and tax minimization.

Review these elements regularly and ensure that any directives in your will, asset titles, and beneficiary designations align with your goals. Moreover, be sure that the various components of your estate plan reflect the hierarchy by which your assets are distributed. For instance, assets are first distributed based on title (in some cases) and then according to the beneficiary designations on your accounts and insurance policies.

Only then do the directives in your will determine the distribution of your remaining assets.

Your guide to estate planning.

This guide outlines the basics of estate planning to help you envision what your plan should be. It is divided into three sections:

• Getting started: Learn the fundamentals of estate planning, including basic terms, tools,and considerations that may arise as you plan your estate.
• Understanding the mechanics: Explore basic estate planning tactics and tools to help ensure that your assets are divided as you intend after your death.
• Customizing your plan: Apply your new estate planning knowledge to develop an approach that works best for you and addresses important personal goals.

Access Your guide to estate planning.

Step 4. Evaluate your insurance

Protect your retirement assets from the costs associated with major health issues and catastrophic events through appropriate insurance coverage. Find a balance between the premiums you can afford and the risks that could jeopardize your savings. The following are insurance considerations for people approaching retirement:

Health. Medicare offers many options, so take the time to understand your choices. If you retire before you become eligible at age 65, you need to plan for coverage until then. If you work past age 65, you may consider staying on your employer’s plan.

Long-term care. Costs for custodial care, such as in-home assistance, assisted living environments, and full nursing home care, aren’t covered by Medicare. Long-term care insurance is costly and should be evaluated carefully, but it could make sense for people who have assets to protect and aren’t comfortable self-funding.

Liability. An umbrella policy can increase the liability protection on your home and auto policies and provide overarching financial protection if you are sued. It’s important to have enough liability coverage to protect your assets.

Life. Coverage may not be necessary if you are about to retire and have adequate assets in place. But if your family relies heavily on your ongoing income—such as pension or Social Security benefits—a policy might still be important.

Keep your plan up to date

Preparing for retirement is a dynamic process that requires frequent updates as your situation changes. Moreover, make sure to adjust your plan if your vision of retirement changes.