T. Rowe Price Intellectual Property

The Intellectual Property of T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and/or its affiliates and subsidiaries (collectively “T. Rowe Price”) in one or more jurisdictions worldwide include but are not limited to the following:

Bank of America Bank of America 
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Bloomberg Port (formerly POINT or Barclays) Bloomberg®” and Bloomberg Indices are service marks of Bloomberg Finance L.P. and its affiliates, including Bloomberg Index Services Limited (“BISL”), the administrator of the index (collectively, “Bloomberg”) and have been licensed for use for certain purposes by T. Rowe Price. Bloomberg is not affiliated with T. Rowe Price, and Bloomberg does not approve, endorse, review, or recommend T. Rowe Price Products. Bloomberg does not guarantee the timeliness, accurateness, or completeness of any data or information relating to T. Rowe Price Products.
Bloomberg Port (formerly POINT or Barclays) Bloomberg®” and Bloomberg Indices are service marks of Bloomberg Finance L.P. and its affiliates, including Bloomberg Index Services Limited (“BISL”), the administrator of the index (collectively, “Bloomberg”) and have been licensed for use for certain purposes by T. Rowe Price. Bloomberg is not affiliated with T. Rowe Price, and Bloomberg does not approve, endorse, review, or recommend T. Rowe Price Products. Bloomberg does not guarantee the timeliness, accurateness, or completeness of any data or information relating to T. Rowe Price Products.
Cboe Exchange © 2024 Cboe Exchange, Inc. All rights reserved. 
Citigroup Copyright Citigroup 2005-2024. All Rights Reserved.
Computstat Copyright © 2023, S&P Global Market Intelligence (and its affiliates, as applicable).  Reproduction of any information, data or material, including ratings (“Content”) in any form is prohibited except with the prior written permission of the relevant party.  Such party, its affiliates and suppliers (“Content Providers”) do not guarantee the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, timeliness or availability of any Content and are not responsible for any errors or omissions (negligent or otherwise), regardless of the cause, or for the results obtained from the use of such Content.  In no event shall Content Providers be liable for any damages, costs, expenses, legal fees, or losses (including lost income or lost profit and opportunity costs) in connection with any use of the Content.  A reference to a particular investment or security, a rating or any observation concerning an investment that is part of the Content is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold such investment or security, does not address the suitability of an investment or security and should not be relied on as investment advice.  Credit ratings are statements of opinions and are not statements of fact.
Credit Suisse © 2024 CREDIT SUISSE GROUP AG and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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DeepMacro, LLC DeepMacro, LLC
eVestment data eVestment Alliance, LLC 
FactSet Financial data and analytics provider FactSet.  Copyright 2024 FactSet. All Rights Reserved.
T. Rowe Price analysis of Factset data T. Rowe Price calculations using data from FactSet Research Systems Inc. All rights reserved.
Third party data accessed via Factset Source: Third party data via FactSet.
Frank Russell Company "LSE" London Stock Exchange Group plc and its group undertakings (collectively, the “LSE Group”). © LSE Group 2024. FTSE Russell is a trading name of certain of the LSE Group companies. "FTSE®," "Russell®,” and “FTSE Russell®” are trademarks of the relevant LSE Group companies and are used by any other LSE Group company under license.  All rights in the FTSE Russell indexes or data vest in the relevant LSE Group company which owns the index or the data. Neither LSE Group nor its licensors accept any liability for any errors or omissions in the indexes or data and no party may rely on any indexes or data contained in this communication. No further distribution of data from the LSE Group is permitted without the relevant LSE Group company’s express written consent. The LSE Group does not promote, sponsor or endorse the content of this communication. The LSE Group is not responsible for the formatting or configuration of this material or for any inaccuracy in T. Rowe Price’s presentation thereof.
FTSE/Russell, FTSE Fixed Income, FTSE Canada and FTSE MTS Indexes  London Stock Exchange Group plc and its group undertakings (collectively, the “LSE Group”). © LSE Group 2024.  All rights in the FTSE Russell indexes or data vest in the relevant LSE Group company which owns the index or the data. Neither LSE Group nor its licensors accept any liability for any errors or omissions in the indexes or data and no party may rely on any indexes or data contained in this communication. No further distribution of data from the LSE Group is permitted without the relevant LSE Group company’s express written consent. The LSE Group does not promote, sponsor or endorse the content of this communication.
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Hedge Fund Research - Index Data All data and content on the HFR website and in the HFR Database products are for your informational and personal use only. The total return data provided on the HFR website, the HFR Database products, and the reports generated from them are for internal, non-commercial use only. The data is not sufficient, comprehensive enough or approved for use in connection with investment products or instruments. You may not copy, redistribute, sell, retransmit, or make the data available to a third party, or otherwise use it for any commercial or public purpose unless you have a separate written agreement with HFR. You require a written license from HFR to use the HFR data, HFR marks and names and/or HFR Index names, including but not limited to use in connection with investment products and instruments (regardless of whether such products or instruments are based on, linked to or track an HFR Index), the name of investment products and instruments, in prospectuses, marketing and other materials publicly or commercially disseminated, benchmarking purposes, and any SEC, government or regulatory filings. Please contact HFR for additional information at: INDICES@HFR.COM
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Ibbotson *See Morningstar Disclosure
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ICE Data Indices  ICE Data Indices (THE “INDICES”) ARE PRODUCTS OF SOURCE ICE DATA INDICES, LLC (“ICE DATA”), AND IS USED WITH PERMISSION. ICE® IS A REGISTERED TRADEMARK OF ICE DATA OR ITS AFFILIATES, AND BOFA® IS A REGISTERED TRADEMARK OF BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION LICENSED BY BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION AND ITS AFFILIATES ("BOFA") AND MAY NOT BE USED WITHOUT BOFA'S PRIOR WRITTEN APPROVAL. ICE DATA, ITS AFFILIATES AND THEIR RESPECTIVE THIRD PARTY SUPPLIERS DISCLAIM ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES AND REPRESENTATIONS, EXPRESS AND/OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE, INCLUDING THE INDICES, INDEX DATA AND ANY DATA INCLUDED IN, RELATED TO, OR DERIVED THEREFROM. NEITHER ICE DATA, ITS AFFILIATES NOR THEIR RESPECTIVE THIRD PARTY SUPPLIERS SHALL BE SUBJECT TO ANY DAMAGES OR LIABILITY WITH RESPECT TO THE ADEQUACY, ACCURACY, TIMELINESS OR COMPLETENESS OF THE INDICES OR THE INDEX DATA OR ANY COMPONENT THEREOF, AND THE INDICES AND INDEX DATA AND ALL COMPONENTS THEREOF ARE PROVIDED ON AN “AS IS” BASIS AND YOUR USE IS AT YOUR OWN RISK. INCLUSION OF A SECURITY WITHIN AN INDEX IS NOT A RECOMMENDATION BY ICE DATA TO BUY, SELL, OR HOLD SUCH SECURITY, NOR IS IT CONSIDERED TO BE INVESTMENT ADVICE. ICE DATA, ITS AFFILIATES AND THEIR RESPECTIVE THIRD PARTY SUPPLIERS DO NOT SPONSOR, ENDORSE, OR RECOMMEND T. ROWE PRICE, OR ANY OF ITS PRODUCTS OR SERVICES.
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J.P. Morgan Chase Information has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable but J.P. Morgan does not warrant its completeness or accuracy. The index is used with permission.  The Index may not be copied, used, or distributed without J.P. Morgan’s prior written approval. Copyright © 2024, J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. All rights reserved.
Lipper Any mutual fund information was supplied by Lipper, a Refinitiv Company, subject to the following: Copyright 2024 © Refinitiv. All rights reserved. Any copying, republication or redistribution of Lipper content is expressly prohibited without the prior written consent of Lipper. Lipper shall not be liable for any errors or delays in the content, or for any actions taken in reliance thereon.
Markit PMI  Copyright ©2024, Markit Economics Limited now part of S&P Global. All rights reserved and all intellectual property rights retained by S&P Global.
Moody's © 2024, Moody’s Corporation, Moody’s Investors Service, Inc., Moody’s Analytics, Inc. and/or their licensors and affiliates (collectively, “Moody’s”).  All rights reserved. Moody’s ratings and other information (“Moody’s Information”) are proprietary to Moody’s and/or its licensors and are protected by copyright and other intellectual property laws.  Moody’s Information is licensed to Client by Moody’s.  MOODY’S INFORMATION MAY NOT BE COPIED OR OTHERWISE REPRODUCED, REPACKAGED, FURTHER TRANSMITTED, TRANSFERRED, DISSEMINATED, REDISTRIBUTED OR RESOLD, OR STORED FOR SUBSEQUENT USE FOR ANY SUCH PURPOSE, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, IN ANY FORM OR MANNER OR BY ANY MEANS WHATSOEVER, BY ANY PERSON WITHOUT MOODY’S PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT. Moody's® is a registered trademark. 
Morningstar ©2024 Morningstar, Inc. All rights reserved. The information contained herein: (1) is proprietary to Morningstar and/or its content providers; (2) may not be copied or distributed; and (3) is not warranted to be accurate, complete, or timely. Neither Morningstar nor its content providers are responsible for any damages or losses arising from any use of this information. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.
Morningstar US CIT Stable Value Index (formerly Hueler)

T. Rowe Price Products are not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by Morningstar, Inc., or any of its affiliated companies (all such entities, collectively, “Morningstar Entities”). The Morningstar Entities make no representation or warranty, express or implied, to the owners of the T. Rowe Price Products or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in T. Rowe Price Products, in particular or the ability of Morningstar to track general T. Rowe Price Product performance.  The Morningstar Entities’ only relationship to T. Rowe Price is the licensing of certain service marks and service names of Morningstar and Morningstar Products which are determined, composed and calculated by the Morningstar Entities without regard to T. Rowe Price or T. Rowe Price Products.  The Morningstar Entities have no obligation to take the needs of T. Rowe Price or the owners of T. Rowe Price Products into consideration in determining, composing or calculating Morningstar Products.  The Morningstar Entities are not responsible for and have not participated in the determination of the prices and amount of the T. Rowe Price Products or the timing of the issuance or sale of the T. Rowe Price Products or in the determination or calculation of the equation by which the T. Rowe Price Products are converted into cash.  The Morningstar Entities have no obligation or liability in connection with the administration, marketing or trading of the T. Rowe Price Products.

THE MORNINGSTAR ENTITIES DO NOT GUARANTEE THE ACCURACY AND/OR THE COMPLETENESS OF THE  MORNINGSTAR PRODUCTS OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN AND THE MORNINGSTAR ENTITIES SHALL HAVE NO LIABILITY FOR ANY ERRORS, OMISSIONS, OR INTERRUPTIONS THEREIN. THE MORNINGSTAR ENTITIES MAKE NO WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED BY T. ROWE PRICE, OWNERS OR USERS OF THE T. ROWE PRICE PRODUCTS, OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY FROM THE USE OF THE MORNINGSTAR PRODUCTS OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN. THE MORNINGSTAR ENTITIES MAKE NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE WITH RESPECT TO THE MORNINGSTAR PRODUCTS OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN. WITHOUT LIMITING ANY OF THE FOREGOING, IN NO EVENT SHALL THE MORNINGSTAR ENTITIES HAVE ANY LIABILITY FOR ANY SPECIAL, PUNITIVE, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING LOST PROFITS), EVEN IF NOTIFIED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

MSCI Source:  MSCI.  MSCI and its affiliates and third party sources and providers (collectively, “MSCI”) makes no express or implied warranties or representations and shall have no liability whatsoever with respect to any MSCI data contained herein.  The MSCI data may not be further redistributed or used as a basis for other indices or any securities or financial products.  This report is not approved, reviewed, or produced by MSCI.  Historical MSCI data and analysis should not be taken as an indication or guarantee of any future performance analysis, forecast or prediction.  None of the MSCI data is intended to constitute investment advice or a recommendation to make (or refrain from making) any kind of investment decision and may not be relied on as such.
MSCI Barra Barra.  Barra and its affiliates and third party sources and providers (collectively, “Barra”) makes no express or implied warranties or representations and shall have no liability whatsoever with respect to any Barra data contained herein.  The Barra data may not be further redistributed or used as a basis for other indices or any securities or financial products.  This report is not approved, reviewed, or produced by Barra.  Historical Barra data and analysis should not be taken as an indication or guarantee of any future performance analysis, forecast or prediction.  None of the Barra data is intended to constitute investment advice or a recommendation to make (or refrain from making) any kind of investment decision and may not be relied on as such.
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NAREIT/FTSE FTSE is a trade mark of the LSE Group and is used by FTSE International Limited ("FTSE") under license. "NAREIT" is a trade mark of the Nareit. All rights of any FTSE index vest in FTSE and Nareit. Neither FTSE, nor the LSE Group, nor Nareit accept any liability for any errors or omissions in the indexes or data and no party may rely on any indexes or data contained in this communication. No further distribution of data from the FTSE or Nareit is permitted without the relevant FTSE’s express written consent. FTSE, the LSE Group, and Nareit do not promote, sponsor or endorse the content of this communication.
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PIMCO *See Morningstar Disclosure
Refinitiv © 2024 Refinitiv. All rights reserved.
S&P Global Market Intelligence  Copyright © 2024, S&P Global Market Intelligence (and its affiliates, as applicable).  Reproduction of any information, data or material, including ratings (“Content”) in any form is prohibited except with the prior written permission of the relevant party.  Such party, its affiliates and suppliers (“Content Providers”) do not guarantee the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, timeliness or availability of any Content and are not responsible for any errors or omissions (negligent or otherwise), regardless of the cause, or for the results obtained from the use of such Content.  In no event shall Content Providers be liable for any damages, costs, expenses, legal fees, or losses (including lost income or lost profit and opportunity costs) in connection with any use of the Content.  A reference to a particular investment or security, a rating or any observation concerning an investment that is part of the Content is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold such investment or security, does not address the suitability of an investment or security and should not be relied on as investment advice.  Credit ratings are statements of opinions and are not statements of fact.
S&P Indices and CUSIPS These Indices are products of S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, a division of S&P Global, or its affiliates (“SPDJI”) and various Third Party Licensors, and have been licensed for use by T. Rowe Price.  Standard & Poor’s® and S&P® are registered trademarks of Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC, a division of S&P Global (“S&P”); Dow Jones® is a registered trademark of Dow Jones Trademark Holdings LLC (“Dow Jones”); Third Party Licensor Trademarks are trademarks of those Third Party Licensors and have been licensed for use by SPDJI and sublicensed for certain purposes by T. Rowe Price. T. Rowe Price Products are not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by SPDJI, Dow Jones, S&P, their respective affiliates, or Third Party Licensors and none of such parties make any representation regarding the advisability of investing in such products nor do they have any liability for any errors, omissions, or interruptions of the Indices.
S&P LSTA Copyright © 2024, S&P Global Market Intelligence (and its affiliates, as applicable).  Reproduction of any information, data or material, including ratings (“Content”) in any form is prohibited except with the prior written permission of the relevant party.  Such party, its affiliates and suppliers (“Content Providers”) do not guarantee the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, timeliness or availability of any Content and are not responsible for any errors or omissions (negligent or otherwise), regardless of the cause, or for the results obtained from the use of such Content.  In no event shall Content Providers be liable for any damages, costs, expenses, legal fees, or losses (including lost income or lost profit and opportunity costs) in connection with any use of the Content.  A reference to a particular investment or security, a rating or any observation concerning an investment that is part of the Content is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold such investment or security, does not address the suitability of an investment or security and should not be relied on as investment advice.  Credit ratings are statements of opinions and are not statements of fact.
Thompson Reuters *See Refinitiv Disclosure
Tokyo Stock Exchange, Inc The Indices Values and the Indices Marks are subject to the proprietary rights owned by JPX Market Innovation & Research, Inc. or affiliates of JPX Market Innovation & Research, Inc. (hereinafter collectively referred to as "JPX") and JPX owns all rights and know-how relating to the Indices such as calculation, publication and use of the Indices Index Value and relating to the Indices Marks. JPX shall not be liable for the miscalculation, incorrect publication, delayed or interrupted publication of the Indices Index Value
Wilshire The Wilshire Indexes℠ and Wilshire Atlas℠ have been licensed for use by T. Rowe Price and all content is © 2024 Wilshire Associates Incorporated.  All rights reserved.
Wood Mackenzie The foregoing charts, graphs, tables and/or information was obtained from a product of Wood Mackenzie.
Zephyr Created with Zephyr StyleADVISOR.
A PLAN THAT FITS YOUR LIFE
ACTIVEPLUS PORTFOLIOS
ART OF CLEAN UP
AUTOBOOST
COMPONENT PORTFOLIOS
CONFIDENCE CHECK-IN
CONFIDENCE NUMBER
CONFIDENT CONVERSATIONS
CONTROL IT
DONATE WITH CONFIDENCE
ENTERPRISE CHOICE
ESSENTIAL CHOICE
FACES OF RETIREMENT
FIDUCIARYSOURCE
FOCUS CHOICE
FUTUREPATH
GET MORE, KEEP MORE
GOTUITION
INCOME SOLVER
INCOME STRATEGY
INVEST WITH CONFIDENCE
INVESTOR
MONEY CONFIDENT KIDS
NEW AMERICA GROWTH FUND
NEW HORIZONS FUND
OHA
PLAN METER
PLAN WITH CONFIDENCE…ENJOY LIFE
PRACTICE RETIREMENT
PROUD TO BE BALTIMORE
RETIREE INCOME
RETIRE WITH CONFIDENCE
SOCIAL SECURITY SOLUTIONS
SSANALYZER
SOCIAL SECURITY ZONE
STAR BANKS ADVENTURE
SUSTAINABILITY WITH SUBSTANCE
THE ANGLE FROM T. ROWE PRICE
T. ROWE PRICE
T. ROWE PRICE INSIGHTS
T. ROWE PRICE INVESTOR
T. ROWE PRICE PERSONAL
TAILORED CHOICE
TELE*ACCESS
TRADELINK
WAYSAVER

Patents

Patent #8712808

Licensed Intellectual Property
T. Rowe Price is licensed under the following and related United States Patents: 5,128,984; 5,828,734; 5,684,863; 5,815,551; 5,974,120; 5,898,762; and others.